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Learn about how CBD can work for you

CBD Medical ScienceAnne2020-06-13T21:19:42-06:00

Cannabinoids and the Endocannabinoid System

Your endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) is a network of lipids, receptor proteins, and neurotransmitters that reside throughout the body but are concentrated within the nervous and the immune systems. The ECS helps maintain homeostasis by regulating the immune response, inflammation and pain levels when they under or overreact.

Phytocannabinoids are plant-based cannabinoids that also work with the ECS. Cannabidiol or CBD is one of many cannabinoids that work together with your ECS to maintain optimal levels of endocannabinoids.

When the ECS is working well you feel healthy, focused and equipped to handle stress. But when there is an endocannabinoid deficiency, the ECS regulation of your many internal systems is less efficient. As a consequence you may experience inflammation, anxiety, higher pain levels or an insufficient or over active immune response.

Let’s look deeper at the ECS.

  • In the nervous system, the endocannabinoid anandamide activates neural receptors that regulate the release of neurotransmitters. Hemp CBD interacts with an enzyme to slow the breakdown of the anandamide and thereby increases anandamide cellular levels. With more anandamide, the body can better regulate pain.
  • The anti-inflammatory properties of CBD are in part due to its role as a reuptake inhibitor of the neurotransmitter adenosine.
  • As an anti-epileptic, CBD was found to desensitize TRPV1 ion channels in the hippocampus and reduce the amplitude and duration of electrochemical spikes in neuron firing.
  • CBD works outside the ECS as well. Studies have shown CBD activates serotonin receptors, providing a mechanism to reduce anxiety and help relieve depression.

The Entourage Effect

When it comes to using medicinal hemp extracts, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Individually, hemp phytocannabinoids and terpenes have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal properties. However together, the compounds react synergistically to enhance or even change their bioactivity in what’s known as the entourage effect. CBD is known to suppress the psychoactive properties of THC, allowing THC to more effectively mitigate pain while still allowing higher-level functioning. Terpenes such as d-limonene, found in orange oil, help increase CBD permeation across the skin barrier. The terpene myrcene increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, thereby opening up ECS activation channels. A research study on pain receptor response to cannabinoids found the whole plant CBD response was significantly higher than  CBD isolate. The authors attribute the higher response to synergistic interactions of CBD with plant terpenes.

Hemp extract is more than just cannabinoids and terpenes. It’s also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E and chlorophyll that contribute to the health effects of the whole-plant hemp extract.

Dosage

While many people benefit from High-CBD hemp extracts, they may not be for everyone.* The power of CBD Rescue to heal depends on finding the right dosage. Finding the proper amount depends on your weight and type of pain. Follow the slogan less is more when finding the sweet spot for you. Too small a dose and you won’t feel the benefit, while too much and the effect levels out. The idea is to use just enough CBD Rescue to create a balance between the plant cannabinoids and the body’s natural ability to manage pain and inflammation.

Start with a small dose of 1-3 times a day as needed. Increase the dose amount or frequency until you feel relief. Depending on the strength, place 1/2 to 1 dropper of the tincture under your tongue and hold in place for a full minute or longer for maximum absorption. Hemp cannabinoids and terpenes have different metabolic pathways that depend on whether they’re absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract or through the mucous membrane. Under the tongue is a large vein called the sublingual gland. Absorption through this gland injects CBD directly into the bloodstream, bypasses intestinal degradation pathways, and allows a fast onset and high bioavailability.

For a deeper dive into the scientific research on CBD, search the papers listed below on the internet.

Koppel BS, Brust JCM, Fife T, Bronstein J, Youssof S, Gronseth G, et al. Systematic review: Efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders, Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2014;82:1556–63.
Joseph Maroon and Jeff Bost,Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids, Surg Neurol Int. 2018; 9: 91.doi: 10.4103/sni.sni_45_18
Joseph Mercola, The endocannabinoid system and the important role it plays in human health, February 2019, articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2019/02/10/endocannabinoid-system-role-in-human-health.aspx?utm_source=dnl&utm_medium=email&utm_content=art1&utm_campaign=20190210Z1_UCM&et_cid=DM267194&et_rid=542841832.
Marilyn Huestis, Human Cannabinoid Pharmacology, Chem Biodivers. 2007 August ; 4(8): 1770–1804. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790152.
Shenglong Zou and Ujendra Kumar, Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 833.
Giacoppo et al., Cannabinoids: New Promising Agents in the Treatment of Neurological Disease, Molecules 2014, 19, 18781-18816; doi:10.3390/molecules191118781.
Craig Schluttenhofer and Ling Yuan, Challenges Toward Revitalizing Hemp: A Multifaceted Crop, Trends in Plant Science, November 2017, Vol. 22, No. 11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.004.
Prud’homme M, Cata R, and Jutras-Aswad D., Cannabidiol as an Intervention for Addictive Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment. 2015;9:33-38. doi:10.4137/SART.S25081.
Bradley E. Alger, Getting High on the Cannabinoid System, Cerebrum: the Dana Forum on Brain Science 2013 (2013): 14.
Dustin Sulak, America’s Opiate Addiction Crisis and How Medical Cannabis Can Help, ProjectCBD.org, August 2016.
Sebastian Walther and Michael Halpern, Cannabinoids and Dementia: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Data, Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3, 2689-2708; doi:10.3390/ph3082689.
Lio et al., Can Marijuana Help Eczema? A medical doctor and researchers in the cannabis industry explain the science behind cannabis as a potential treatment for atopic dermatitis., https://nationaleczema.org/can-marijuana-help/
Olah et al., Cannabidiol exerts sebostatic and antiinflammatory effects on human sebocytes, J Clin Invest. 2014 Sep;124(9):3713-24. doi: 10.1172/JCI64628. Epub 2014 Jul 25.
NYU Langone Health / NYU School of Medicine. “Cannabidiol significantly reduces seizures in patients with severe form of epilepsy: Study looked at two doses of cannabis-derived medication’s effectiveness in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 May 2018.
Josh Kaplan, Part 2, The Latest In Cannabis Research:Summer 2018, June 19, 2018, https://www.leafly.com/news/health/medical-marijuana-research-studies-summer-2018.
Zigar, A. etal., Oral administraiton of cannabis with lipids lead to high levels of cannabinoids in the intestinal lymphatic system and prominant immunomodulation, Nature, DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-15026-z .
Gallily R, Yekhtin Z, Hanuš LO. Overcoming the bell-shaped dose-response of cannabidiol by using cannabis extract enriched in cannabidiol. Pharmacol Pharm. 2015;6:75-85.
Hammell, D.C., L.P. Zhang, F. Ma, S.M. Abshire, S.L. Mcilwrath, A.L. Stichcomb, and K. N. Westlund, Transdermal cannabidiol reduces inflammation and pain-related behaviors in a rat model of arthritis, Eur. J. Pain,2016 July ; 20(6): 936–948. doi:10.1002/ejp.818.
Katchan, V.; David, P.;Shoenfeld, Y., Cannabinoids and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review, Autoimmunity Reviews Volume 15, Issue 6, June 2016, Pages 513-528, doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.008.
Greineisen, W.E. and H. Turner, Immunoactive effects of cannabinoids: Considerations for the therapeutic use of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists, Inter. Immunopharm., vol. 10, issue 5, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2010.02.012.
Russo, E.B. (2011) Taming THC: Potential Cannabis Synergy and Phytocannabinoid-Terpenoid Entourage Effects.
British Journal of Pharmacology, 163, 1344-1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x
Emilio Percucca, Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Epilepsy: Hard Evidence at Last?, J Epilepsy Res. 2017 Dec; 7(2): 61–76, doi:  [10.14581/jer.17012]
Śledziński P, Zeyland J, Słomski R, Nowak A. The current state and future perspectives of cannabinoids in cancer biology [published correction appears in Cancer Med. 2018 Nov;7(11):5859]. Cancer Med. ;7(3):765–775. doi:10.1002/cam4.1312
Pamplona, F. A., da Silva, L. R., & Coan, A. C. (2018). Potential Clinical Benefits of CBD-Rich Cannabis Extracts Over Purified CBD in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: Observational Data Meta-analysis. Frontiers in neurology, 9, 759. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00759
Urits I, Borchart M, Hasegawa M, Kochanski J, Orhurhu V, Viswanath O. An Update of Current Cannabis-Based Pharmaceuticals in Pain Medicine. Pain Ther. 2019;8(1):41–51. doi:10.1007/s40122-019-0114-4
Śledziński P, Zeyland J, Słomski R, Nowak A. The current state and future perspectives of cannabinoids in cancer biology [published correction appears in Cancer Med. 2018 Nov;7(11):5859]. Cancer Med. ;7(3):765–775. doi:10.1002/cam4.1312
Baumann, Leslie, A primer on cannabis for cosmeceuticals: Research and treatments for particular skin conditions, Dermatology News, May 17,2019, https://www.mdedge.com/dermatology/article/201185/aesthetic-dermatology/primer-cannabis-cosmeceuticals-research-and
Joseph Maroon, Jeff Bost. Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids. 26-Apr-2018;9:91. Available from: http://surgicalneurologyint.com/surgicalint-articles/review-of-the-neurological-benefits-of-phytocannabinoids/

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